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Know Your Diabetes

Prevalence In India

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in India, with the country being referred to as the “diabetes capital of the world.” The prevalence of diabetes in India has seen a dramatic rise in recent years due to

various factors, including genetic predisposition, urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and an aging population. It is estimated that over 77 million adults in India are currently living with diabetes.

Several risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of diabetes in India, including genetic susceptibility, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and urbanization. Public health initiatives focusing on awareness, education, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for preventing and managing diabetes in the Indian population. Promoting healthy eating habits, encouraging regular physical activity, and increasing access to diabetes screening and care are key strategies for reducing the burden of the disease.

The cultural diversity in India plays a significant role in diabetes management. Traditional dietary practices, regional variations in food preferences, and cultural beliefs may influence diabetes management strategies. Recognizing and respecting these cultural aspects while promoting evidence-based diabetes care can facilitate better patient engagement and outcomes.

Community-based initiatives, collaborations between healthcare providers, and local organizations are vital for raising awareness, providing education, and offering support to individuals living with diabetes in India. Public health policies aimed at improving diabetes prevention, early detection, and affordable access to quality healthcare services are critical for addressing the growing diabetes burden.1,2

Understanding Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels resulting from the body’s inability to produce or effectively utilize insulin. There are 

several types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other less common forms. Each type has distinct causes, risk factors, and treatment approaches.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form, typically develops due to a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor dietary habits, and sedentary lifestyle. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes disrupt insulin function. Other types of diabetes may result from specific genetic mutations, pancreatic diseases, or medication-induced conditions.

The symptoms of diabetes can vary but commonly include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. If these symptoms are present, it is crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis. Diagnostic tests such as fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are used to determine the presence and type of diabetes.

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and foot complications. However, by managing the condition effectively, individuals can minimize the risk of complications. Diabetes management involves maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through lifestyle modifications, including a well-balanced diet, regular physical activity, weight management, and medication as prescribed by healthcare professionals. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, regular check-ups, and adherence to treatment plans are crucial for optimal diabetes management.3,4

You Are Not Alone

Receiving a diabetes diagnosis can be overwhelming, but it is important to remember that you are not alone. Connecting with support groups, diabetes educators, and healthcare professionals can provide emotional 

support and practical guidance. Diabetes education programs can help individuals understand the disease, learn self-management skills, and share experiences with others facing similar challenges.

Managing diabetes requires adopting a healthy lifestyle and making necessary adjustments. This includes developing a balanced eating plan with the help of a registered dietitian, engaging in regular physical activity suitable for individual capabilities, and incorporating stress management techniques. Diabetes management should be viewed as a long-term commitment to maintaining overall health and well-being.

Living with diabetes can sometimes lead to emotional challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression. It is important to prioritize mental health by seeking support from mental health professionals, engaging in stress-reducing activities, and maintaining open communication with loved ones. Developing coping strategies and maintaining a positive outlook can contribute to overall well-being.

Regular self-monitoring of blood sugar levels, taking medications as prescribed, and attending regular medical check-ups are essential components of diabetes self-care. It is crucial to be proactive in managing the condition, recognizing patterns, and seeking prompt medical attention when needed. Building a strong partnership with healthcare providers ensures personalized care and ongoing support.5,6

Prevalence In India

Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in India, with the country being referred to as the “diabetes capital of the world.” The prevalence of diabetes in India has seen a dramatic rise in recent years due to

various factors, including genetic predisposition, urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and an aging population. It is estimated that over 77 million adults in India are currently living with diabetes.

Several risk factors contribute to the high prevalence of diabetes in India, including genetic susceptibility, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diets, and urbanization. Public health initiatives focusing on awareness, education, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for preventing and managing diabetes in the Indian population. Promoting healthy eating habits, encouraging regular physical activity, and increasing access to diabetes screening and care are key strategies for reducing the burden of the disease.

The cultural diversity in India plays a significant role in diabetes management. Traditional dietary practices, regional variations in food preferences, and cultural beliefs may influence diabetes management strategies. Recognizing and respecting these cultural aspects while promoting evidence-based diabetes care can facilitate better patient engagement and outcomes.

Community-based initiatives, collaborations between healthcare providers, and local organizations are vital for raising awareness, providing education, and offering support to individuals living with diabetes in India. Public health policies aimed at improving diabetes prevention, early detection, and affordable access to quality healthcare services are critical for addressing the growing diabetes burden.1,2

Understanding Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels resulting from the body’s inability to produce or effectively utilize insulin. There are 

several types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other less common forms. Each type has distinct causes, risk factors, and treatment approaches.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form, typically develops due to a combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors such as obesity, poor dietary habits, and sedentary lifestyle. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when hormonal changes disrupt insulin function. Other types of diabetes may result from specific genetic mutations, pancreatic diseases, or medication-induced conditions.

The symptoms of diabetes can vary but commonly include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing. If these symptoms are present, it is crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis. Diagnostic tests such as fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are used to determine the presence and type of diabetes.

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and foot complications. However, by managing the condition effectively, individuals can minimize the risk of complications. Diabetes management involves maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through lifestyle modifications, including a well-balanced diet, regular physical activity, weight management, and medication as prescribed by healthcare professionals. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, regular check-ups, and adherence to treatment plans are crucial for optimal diabetes management.3,4

You Are Not Alone

Receiving a diabetes diagnosis can be overwhelming, but it is important to remember that you are not alone. Connecting with support groups, diabetes educators, and healthcare professionals can provide emotional 

support and practical guidance. Diabetes education programs can help individuals understand the disease, learn self-management skills, and share experiences with others facing similar challenges.

Managing diabetes requires adopting a healthy lifestyle and making necessary adjustments. This includes developing a balanced eating plan with the help of a registered dietitian, engaging in regular physical activity suitable for individual capabilities, and incorporating stress management techniques. Diabetes management should be viewed as a long-term commitment to maintaining overall health and well-being.

Living with diabetes can sometimes lead to emotional challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression. It is important to prioritize mental health by seeking support from mental health professionals, engaging in stress-reducing activities, and maintaining open communication with loved ones. Developing coping strategies and maintaining a positive outlook can contribute to overall well-being.

Regular self-monitoring of blood sugar levels, taking medications as prescribed, and attending regular medical check-ups are essential components of diabetes self-care. It is crucial to be proactive in managing the condition, recognizing patterns, and seeking prompt medical attention when needed. Building a strong partnership with healthcare providers ensures personalized care and ongoing support.5,6

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Living with Diabetes

Be Active

Physical activity is vital for individuals with diabetes. It improves insulin sensitivity, which aids in managing blood sugar levels. Aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week.7

Be Active

Physical activity is vital for individuals with diabetes. It improves insulin sensitivity, which aids in managing blood sugar levels. Aim for a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week.7

Know Your Numbers

Regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial for effective diabetes management, particularly for those taking insulin. Monitoring helps inform decisions related to diet, physical activity, and medication. The prevalent method for at-home monitoring is using a blood glucose meter. It involves pricking the fingertip with a lancet, obtaining a blood drop, and applying it to a test strip. The meter displays the current blood glucose level.8

Know Your Numbers

Regular blood glucose monitoring is crucial for effective diabetes management, particularly for those taking insulin. Monitoring helps inform decisions related to diet, physical activity, and medication. The prevalent method for at-home monitoring is using a blood glucose meter. It involves pricking the fingertip with a lancet, obtaining a blood drop, and applying it to a test strip. The meter displays the current blood glucose level.8

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Frequently asked questions

Carbohydrates directly affect blood sugar levels. Monitoring carbohydrate intake is crucial for individuals with diabetes as it helps manage blood sugar levels. It’s important to choose healthy, complex carbohydrates (such as whole grains, legumes, and vegetables) over simple carbohydrates (such as refined sugars) to maintain stable blood sugar levels.21

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to various complications over time. These may include cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, nerve damage (neuropathy), eye problems (retinopathy), foot ulcers, and an increased risk of infections. Maintaining good blood sugar control, along with regular monitoring and appropriate management, is essential in reducing the risk of complications.22

Yes, it is possible to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modifications. Adopting a healthy eating plan, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco use are key preventive measures. Regular check-ups, awareness of family history, and early detection of prediabetes can also contribute to diabetes prevention or delay 23,24

Absolutely! Exercise plays a vital role in diabetes management. Physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to effectively use blood sugar for energy. Engaging in regular exercise can help control blood sugar levels, reduce insulin resistance, promote weight management, and improve overall cardiovascular health.25

Following a balanced and individualized meal plan is crucial for diabetes management. It typically involves consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods, controlling portion sizes, and monitoring carbohydrate intake. Incorporating lean proteins, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is recommended. Consulting a registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance based on individual needs.26

Blood glucose monitoring is a fundamental aspect of diabetes management. By regularly checking blood sugar levels, individuals can assess how their body responds to various factors such as food, physical activity, and medications. It helps in making informed decisions about adjustments to diet, exercise, and insulin doses to maintain optimal blood sugar control.27

Yes, stress can impact blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. During periods of stress, hormones like cortisol and adrenaline are released, which can lead to elevated blood sugar levels. It’s important to incorporate stress management techniques such as exercise, mindfulness, and relaxation strategies to help mitigate the effects of stress on blood sugar control.28

Artificial sweeteners, when consumed in moderation, can be a safe alternative to sugar for individuals with diabetes. They provide sweetness without significantly affecting blood sugar levels. However, it’s important to read labels and choose sweeteners that are approved by relevant health authorities. As with any food or ingredient, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor blood sugar levels and consult with a healthcare provider if needed.29